لینک دانلود کل مطلب و تصاویر 9 صفحه

AUTOMATIC POURING EQUIPMENT includes a wide range of mechanized
pouring methods and specialized equipment designed for automatic pouring.
Traditional metal transfer from the molten metal supply to the mold is done
with open-top ladles ranging from hand held to multi-ton, crane-supported,
mechanized tilt ladles. Underpouring from a ladle, either through the incorporation
 of a teapot spout or bottom stopper rod and nozzle, reduces slag inclusions in
castings (Fig. 1). The first semiautomatic pouring units used controlled stopper rods
in bottom-pour ladles mounted above indexing molding lines to pour into molds
 indexed into position beneath the ladles ......